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Posted By Steve LeVine
Tuesday, July 6, 2010 - 6:35 PM
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Boris Volodarsky was trained as an officer in the GRU Spetsnaz, the Soviet military's intelligence arm. When I met him while on book research in London in 2007, he was writing The KGB's Poison Factory, his own book on Moscow's fascination with murder-by-poison. With his encyclopedic knowledge and understanding of the KGB and its history, he is finishing a new book called The Orlov KGB File. I asked whether Volodarsky would reply to a few questions about last week's arrest of 10 Russian "illegals," sleeper agents planted without diplomatic cover, in the United States. His answers after the jump:
What would you say is most misunderstood about the illegals indicted in the U.S.?
As most people, including some journalists who write long articles commenting on the arrests, have no knowledge of the Russian intelligence tradecraft or the intelligence history in general, the activities of the members of this group seem a bizarre collection of strange actions looking like a bad movie about the Russkies. But many things shown even in bad movies are unfortunately true: Yes, the Russians like to wear fur hats, drink vodka, eat caviar, take pretty girls to the sauna. And, apart from some modern innovations like ad hoc networks, burst transmissions and steganography, the old proven tradecraft is pretty much the same. It is good and it normally works well (except in cases, when somebody is already being shadowed - then nothing works). The public and writers alike do not really realise that this is NOT a film -- a very large group of very experienced FBI agents and watchers spent a very considerable sum of taxpayers' money and plenty of time to uncover a REAL group of the Russian undercover operators who brazenly operated in the United States, as they had been absolutely sure that no one would ever catch them because their education, training, intelligence tradition, and the belief that the wealth of the country behind them is much superior than the FBI. They forgot that the FBI of 2010 is much different from the Bureau of the 1950s. All 11 accused (with Christopher Metsos -- without doubt a Directorate S officer -- missing) are trained professionals whose task was to penetrate American society. It is the first time that such a large group of illegals has been uncovered. Normally, there have been one or a maximum of two, while I have on record a great number of documented illegal operations in the U.S. for at least the last 80 years. It must be added that very few of them like Fisher/Abel and Molody/Lonsdale were successful. But we probably know only about 50 percent of the operations that were mounted and the people deployed.
Is it possible that this is simply a rogue operation by someone in Moscow who, as some commentators have suggested, misunderstand what type of information is openly available? In other words, are illegals a relic, or is there real continuing value to be gained by illegals today?
No way it is a rogue operation. It took a lot of time, effort and money, and all was done by the book. It is always done this way. Again, I can list several dozen examples when, after training, the Soviet illegals were sent first to Europe, then almost always to Canada, and then relocated to the U.S.
Concerning the information. First of all, the illegals are not here to collect intelligence. Their role is to control important agents already recruited in the government structures, those who have access to secret information (CIA, FBI, other intelligence services, military, scientists, R&D people, IT specialists, etc), or they may exert influence (on journalists or politicians). The Russian foreign intelligence service (SVR) has ALL information that is available from open sources. This has always been the case, but it is never enough. What Russian intelligence in striving to get is secret information (political, economic, industrial, military, etc) and have a chance to influence decision-making and public opinion in favor of Russia. This is why agents are recruited or penetrated into sensitive or politically important targets.
The role of illegals is threefold: to act as cut-outs between important sources and the Center (directly or via the SVR station); to serve as talent-spotters finding potential candidates for further intelligence cultivation and possible recruitment (a rather long and complex process, where the illegals only act at its early stage); and to establish the right contacts that would allow other intelligence operators (members of the SVR station) or the Center (visiting intelligence officers under different covers, journalists, diplomats or scientists tasked by the SVR) to get intelligence information and/or receive favors that the Center is interested in. The illegals also have a number of technical tasks like renting accommodations that could be used as safe houses, finding places for dead drops, planning hit operations like assassinations that are also carried out by illegals (but from a different department of the same directorate). They also collect sample documents that could be used in other covert operations and update Moscow about some standard proceedings (buying a house, getting a job, registering a company, and so on).
The illegals are no relic, they have been always used full scale. The last known case was in Canada when ‘Paul William Hampel' was arrested in the middle of the Alexander Litvinenko case (November 2006). As I seek to prove in The KGB Poison Factory, the Litvinenko operation itself was the work of a Russian illegal. Certainly, the illegals are used in other countries with difficult counterintelligence environments like Britain, for example, but rarely in "soft" countries like Austria or Finland.
Illegals could be used for corporate and commercial penetration as much as government or military penetration, correct?
As mentioned above, very seldom, as this is normally not their task. But in many cases their children, born American citizens, are prepared for penetrations. In this group only Mikhail Semenko seems to have made attempts to penetrate sensitive institutions by trying to get a job there (the American Foreign Policy Council, for example). But in one case, a Soviet illegal served as the Costa Rican ambassador to Italy. His detailed story is in The Orlov KGB File, my next book. In principle, corporate and commercial penetration by the illegals is possible -- in the 1960s "Rudi Herrmann" was tasked to penetrate the Hudson Institute.
Illegals could also be present in other nations, just like in the Cold War?
Certainly, and other nationals, not only the Russians, can be used. There are many examples, especially with East Germans.
What is your sense of why they were arrested at this time?
Two obvious reasons: first of all, Anna Kuschenko-Chapman sensed that she was dealing with an undercover FBI agent, and called her controller from the Russian UN mission; second, ‘Richard Murphy' was going to leave for Moscow on Sunday with, some believe, important intelligence.
The Obama administration is on "reset" with Russia. President Medvedev had just left the U.S. Is there a discordant note here?
Not at all. The Security Service works according to the operational situation disregarding what's going on in the White House and what the President thinks about it.
Anna Chapman has attracted the most public attention of all the accused. Is she a serious spy?
Everything shows that Anna Vasilievna Kuschenko started to collaborate with the SVR shortly after she finished secondary school at the age of 16 in 1998 and before she entered the university. Her father is a KGB-SVR officer, possibly from Line N (illegal support), so this would be a normal thing. After a year, she enrolled in a course at the People's Friendship University of Moscow, which is the alma mater of many Soviet and Russian intelligence officers and agents. During her second year, in 2001, she went to London (extremely unusual) and quickly picked up a naïve young Englishman in a disco. She took him to bed on their second meeting, and by his and another account of her use of sex toys seems to have been specifically trained in the art of love. She told him how much she loved him, burst into tears when leaving for Moscow and quickly arranged an invitation, so he came and they were married in March 2002 without the usual formalities.
After getting settled in London (still being a full-time student in Moscow), she worked in several places for a short time and on small jobs, serving as a personal assistant in a hedge fund, and as a secretary in a private jet company. She dumped her husband after three years, having moved in with a young French playboy who took her to expensive private clubs in London, where she got the right contacts. He also advised her to open an Internet real estate company. In 2004, she miraculously graduated from the university (without studying there and still living in London), returned to Moscow in 2007, opened such an Internet company there, then opened a similar company in New York in February 2010, using $1 million she received from a Kremlin-backed investment fund. Almost immediately she started to send reports to her New York controller using her laptop. It is a big and interesting story worth writing much more.
Oleg Klimov/Getty Images
Boris Volodarsky was trained as an officer in the GRU Spetsnaz, the Soviet military's intelligence arm.
An interesting read. The "Spetsnaz" is the rough Russian equivalent of the US Navy SEAL or Army Green Berets. As such his knowledge should be taken with a grain of salt. It appears he is more interested in promoting his book. I could tell you of many Russians that I know that have similar backgrounds as Anya Kuchenko and are not spies. EVERYONE in business in Russia will tell you that they have friends in the old KGB and most are proud to boast about it. Although the others look good for being "illegals", I am still not convinced of Kuchenko's active involvement.
Spetsnaz can not be compared to any American or British equivalent. If any comparison can be taken, it would be more akin to 1st Special Operations Unit - Delta, or CIA SAD. Before the fall of the USSR. Spetsnaz in the Army (GRU) was divided into three components. The lowest component could be on par with U.S. Army Rangers on steroids. One unique feature of some of these units was the fact that their cover was so intense most of the non-rates didn't even know they were in a Spetsnaz unit. The second layer were more like Delta. Trained to go into the West just prior to hostilities and attack our C3 assets and nuclear weapons. The third level is where Boris Volodarsky resided. Military spy's trained in assassination and sabotage and strategic reconnaissance. Many of them by the way were Olympic athletes. They would infiltrate the West, and conduct long term penetrations. If war broke out, they could lay waste to our C3 and do pathfinder operations for the other Spetsnaz units. This is a very boiled down order of battle.
Point is, Boris Volodarsky knows what he is talking about. Best we listen.
The real question or concern should be, is the Cold War really over?
How defined the Cold War, us or them?
Keep in mind Russia has been spying on the U.S. now for over 80 years and the have used illegals the whole time.
...I want you to be the mother of my child...
Volodarsky is not Oleg Gordievsky, to be sure. However, he was trained in intelligence, and has spent the subsequent years making himself an expert in the history and functions of Russian intelligence. While no doubt both of you have long experience in intelligence and hence have an intuition for such matters, I can say from having met Volodarsky that he had an uncanny insight for example into the Litvinenko assassination, and knows the history better than anyone I've met.
I have no idea whether or not Volodarsky is correct, nor whether the indictment is. However, Volodarsky has reasons for what he's stating. I'll shoot him an email and ask whether he'd like to take on this debate himself.
This "article" seems more fit for lurid page 3 fare in the British tabloids than a place in Foreign Policy.
The comical and lurid title "Everything you wanted to know about the KGB but were afraid to ask", neglects the fact that the foreign intelligence service that allegedly employed these people is called the SVR (?????? ??????? ????????), not the KGB, which has been defunct for over two decades. This clearly suggests that the editors of Foreign Policy either (1) cannot move past their own Cold War framing narrative, or (2) they were going for cheap eye-catching tabloid headlines. Which is worse, do you think?
The salacious promos "She was trained in the arts of love" and the voyeuristic third-person fantasies of a bitter old exile obviously desperately seeking attention and self-promotion to make a cheap-buck off of selling his own and others honorable national service, passed off as news and analysis also do this "article" little credit. Volodarsky's perverted suggestions that a healthy young consenting girl going to bed with a similar young man on the second date or that the use of sex toys somehow indicates advanced "KGB" lovemaking training suggests that we should lock somwhere between a third and half of British and American sexually active adults and teenagers up and try them for being "unregistered foreign agents". My suggestion, however, would be for the FP editors to take Volodarsky out for a much-needed night on the town to try to improve his obviously deficient love life and for him to stick to writing James Bond scripts featuring "KGB trained" seductresses...But surely FP has better things to write about...otherwise I would be better off spending my info-surfing time and subscription cash on the aforementioned British tabloid page 3 fare...
This is Boris Volodarsky's reply to some of the comments. He sent me this by email:
I do not get any profit from selling my book in the USA (unfortunately) as per the nature of my contract – the American publisher does who has a contract with my British publisher. Concerning my own training: from 1983 to 1987 I have been trained as the GRU illegal after serving for a year as a group commander in the Spetsnaz unit in Lithuania with a parachuting experience, marshal arts and explosives training. One of the commentators is right that it was a deep cover penetration job in case of a war and we were to be deployed on parachute or a submarine prior to hostilities. The Western equivalent to this service is the British SAS and we were trained in similar conditions.
My knowledge about Russian operations does not come from newspapers only, although as every other analyst I do read them. The commentators do not know that I am not only an independent intelligence analyst working as such for several companies in the USA and Britain, but am also an intelligence historian with a completed post-graduate education in one of the best higher educational institutions in the world (the degree is due this month), so I know what I write about.
About the ‘sexual’ training of Anna Kuschenko-Chapman during her pre-university year – this is not my wild guess or a result of the Sun articles describing her ‘techniques’ – there was such a school in the south of Russia where young women were trained to be used in ‘honey traps’ – nothing new about it.
Finally, about my age and knowledge of the ‘modern’ sex techniques – I have been happily married for exactly 33 years but am not old, as you know (it is just that I married at a young age when my wife was only 18). I absolutely love and adore my wife but Anya’s (Kuschenko) escapades are well within the pattern that we have learned during our training and my subsequent research as an intelligence historian: there were many cases when the Russians used this technique and it has nothing to do with an average American using sex toys, garters or other stimulating objects to enhance their sex life. It is just professional and the Pentagon is right to place Kuschenko’s pictures as a threat to the national security.
Mr. Volodarsky,
I just wanted to express my exteme gratitude to you for opening my eyes. Your keen and informed analysis gleaned from your reading (in-exile) of an embittered former husband's selling of his bedroom details to the British tabloid "the Sun" to get back at his estranged wife have forced me to reconsider my naively blissful 8 years of marriage with my own Russian wife for the sinister "KGB" plot that they are. I am the proverbial "naive young Englishman she met in a disco"...
Unfortunately I must admit that she pulled the wool completely over my eyes. My profile fits all the details of your insightful analysis of the illegal lobbyist case to a tee.
1. My wife is Russian and beautiful
2. We met in the US - at a fetish/BDSM themed nightclub (which she was obviously frequenting and still does frequent to gather important information from powerful people - because nightclubs are, after all, where important foreign policy professionals hang out and spend their free time, as everyone knows...)
3. My first career was in nuclear engineering in the US Navy, so she is obviously only with me to gain access to the few tidbits of classified material still floating around in my head. Any day now she is going to ask exactly what the average logarithmic energy decrement per collision of my ship's reactor (now decommissioned) was, while I am distracted in coitus...
4. Her father is ex-KGB too! SO - he MUST have trained his only daugther in his own nefarious arts (And to think - that before this - I thought him the kindest, most honorable and decent man I have ever met - he spends his retirement time duck-hunting with his dog at his shabby dacha, drinking vodka with friends around a rusting garage, and reading old poetry which causes him to frequently swell up with tears)
5. My wife is not only good in bed (the best I ever had) - she enjoys playful S&M games and the use of sex toys. She obviously learned these skills at a "KGB honeytrap" academy...
6. My wife graduated with honours from St. Petersburgh University in International "Economics" (obvioulsy a cover for the aforementioned Honeytrap Academy) and was studying at Harvard Business School at night (while working for a Fortune 500 company during the day) for her MBA when we met. She now makes a high salary working for a British company...where she can obviously ferret out the Western secrets of marketing and super-market promotion schemes and steal them for the Motherland! But she too dreams of going into private business - just like Kuschenko (aka Anna Chapman)...
7. My wife speaks English fluently (better and more grammatically correct than most Brits and Americans I might add) as well as fluent German, Italian, and passable Italian. She studied outside the USSR (which she proudly identifies as the coutnry she was born in) in the 90's in Germany - and then lived, worked, and studied in the US from 1999-2001, returned to Moscow with me where we married and lived happily for 5 years (she must have been reporting to her evil KGB masters during this time) and now lives with me in London. All of this outside Russia travel is, like Kuschenko, "extremely unusual", right?
8. She owns a laptop and likes Starbucks coffee...
9. She is proud of her country (so she must be evil KGB), Russia and the former USSR, and we both want to return and live there asap...In fact she has never even wanted US (or British) citizenship, despite being married to me, saying "Why on earth would I want to be a US citizen?"
10. Her poltiical sympathies are Green and Socialist. She even goes to protests and political meetings...obviously stealing secrets from important Green neighbors about the local council's recycling program and coucil housing...
So according to your informed analysis of sold bedroom secrets you read in "the Sun" regarding Kushenko (aka Anna Chapman) - my wife MUST be a secret highly-trained KGB spy and seductress. She fits all your criteria exacty! I have been such a fool. I am so very grateful to you for exposing the fraud of my eight year happy marriage. Perhaps you could suggest exactly who I should contact to have her arrested and taken to prison and be interrogated as the nefarious "KGB spymaster trained in the arts of love" (to quote this article's promo) that she so obviously is...?
[And in closing may I just seriously say - that even if Kuschenko (aka Ana Chapman) is a "spy"/unregistered lobbyist. She honorably fulfilled her duty to her country. She is not a traitor who sold their country and colleagues out to make a cheap-pound (in Britain if not the US) with a lurid tell-all like someone I have heard of..I hope you are proud of yourself and get rich and plenty of attention]
What I read when I looked at CAMAELJAX's posts
ARREST MAH WIFE!
MISTAH. VOLODARSKY,
I JUS WANTD 2 EXPRES MAH EXTEME GRATITUDE 2 U 4 OPENIN MAH EYEZ. UR KEEN AN INFORMD ANALYSIS GLEAND FRUM UR READIN (IN-EXILE) OV AN EMBITTERD FORMR HUSBANDZ SELLIN OV HIS BEDROOM DETAILS 2 TEH BRITISH TABLOID "TEH SUN" 2 GIT BAK AT HIS ESTRANGD WIFE HAS FORCD ME 2 RECONSIDR MAH NAIVELY BLISFUL 8 YEERS OV MARRIAGE WIF MAH OWN RUSIAN WIFE 4 DA SINISTR "KGB" PLOT DAT THEY R. I R PROVERBIAL "NAIV YOUNG ENGLISHMAN SHE MET IN DISCO"...
UNFORTUNATELY I MUST ADMIT DAT SHE PULLD TEH WOOL COMPLETELY OVAR MAH EYEZ. MAH PROFILE FITS ALL TEH DETAILS OV UR INSIGHTFUL ANALYSIS OV TEH ILLEGAL LOBBYIST CASE 2 TEE.
1. MAH WIFE IZ RUSIAN AN BEAUTIFUL
2. WE MET IN DA US - AT FETISH/BDSM THEMD NITECLUB (WHICH SHE WUZ OBVIOUSLY FREQUENTIN AN STILL DOEZ FREQUENT 2 GATHR IMPORTANT INFORMASHUN FRUM POWERFUL PEEPS - CUZ NITECLUBS R, AFTR ALL, WER IMPORTANT FOREIGN POLICY PROFESHUNALS HANG OUT AN SPEND THEIR FREE TIEM, AS EVRYONE KNOWS...)
3. MAH FURST CARER WUZ IN NUCLEAR ENGINEERIN IN DA US NAVY, SO SHE IZ OBVIOUSLY ONLY WIF ME 2 GAIN ACCES 2 TEH FEW TIDBITS OV CLASIFID MATERIAL STILL FLOATIN AROUND IN MAH HEAD. ANY DAI NAO SHE IZ GOIN 2 ASK EGSAKTLY WUT TEH AVERAGE LOGARITHMIC ENERGY DECREMENT PER COLLISHUN OV MAH SHIPS REACTOR (NAO DECOMMISHUND) WUZ, WHILE IM DISTRACTD IN COITUS...
4. HER FATHR IZ EX-KGB 2! SO - HE MUST HAS TRAIND HIS ONLY DAUGTHR IN HIS OWN NEFARIOUS ARTS (AN 2 FINKZ - DAT BEFORE DIS - I THOT HIM TEH KINDEST, MOST HONORABLE AN DESENT MAN I HAS EVR MET - HE SPENDZ HIS RETIREMENT TIEM DUCK-HUNTIN WIF HIS DAWG AT HIS SHABBY DACHA, DRINKIN VODKA WIF FRENZ AROUND RUSTIN GARAGE, AN READIN OLD POETRY WHICH CAUSEZ HIM 2 FREQUENTLY SWELL UP WIF TEARS)
5. MAH WIFE IZ NOT ONLY GUD IN BED (TEH BEST I EVR HAD) - SHE ENJOYS PLAYFUL S&M GAMEZ AN TEH USE OV SEKZ TOYS. SHE OBVIOUSLY LERND THEES SKILLS AT "KGB HONEYTRAP" ACADEMY...
6. MAH WIFE GRADUATD WIF HONOURS FRUM ST. PETERSBURGH UNIVERSITY IN INTERNASHUNAL "ECONOMICS" (OBVIOULSY COVR 4 DA AFOREMENSHUND HONEYTRAP ACADEMY) AN WUZ STUDYIN AT HARVARD BUSINES SKOOL AT NITE (WHILE WERKIN 4 FORTUNE 500 COMPANY DURIN TEH DAI) 4 HER MBA WHEN WE MET. SHE NAO MAKEZ HIGH SALARY WERKIN 4 BRITISH COMPANY...WER SHE CAN OBVIOUSLY FERRET OUT TEH WESTERN SECRETS OV MARKETIN AN SUPR-MARKIT PROMOSHUN SCHEMEZ AN STEEL THEM 4 DA MOTHERLAND! BUT SHE 2 DREAMS OV GOIN INTO PRIVATE BUSINES - JUS LIEK KUSCHENKO (AKA ANNA CHAPMAN)...
7. MAH WIFE SPEAKZ ENGLISH FLUENTLY (BETTR AN MOAR GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT THAN MOST BRITS AN AMERICANZ I MITE ADD) AS WELL AS FLUENT GERMAN, ITALIAN, AN PASABLE ITALIAN. SHE STUDID OUTSIDE TEH USSR (WHICH SHE PROUDLY IDENTIFIEZ AS TEH COUTNRY SHE WUZ BORN IN) IN DA 90S IN GERMANY - AN DEN LIVD, WERKD, AN STUDID IN DA US FRUM 1999-2001, RETURND 2 MOSCOW WIF ME WER WE MARRID AN LIVD HAPPILY 4 5 YEERS (SHE MUST HAS BEEN REPORTIN 2 HER EVIL KGB MASTERS DURIN DIS TIEM) AN NAO LIVEZ WIF ME IN LONDON. ALL OV DIS OUTSIDE RUSIA TRAVEL IZ, LIEK KUSCHENKO, "EXTREMELY UNUSUAL", RITE?
8. SHE OWNS LAPTOP AN LIKEZ STARBUCKZ COFFEH...
9. SHE IZ PROUD OV HER COUNTRY (SO SHE MUST BE EVIL KGB), RUSIA AN TEH FORMR USSR, AN WE BOTH WANTS 2 RETURN AN LIV THAR ASAP...IN FACT SHE HAS NEVR EVEN WANTD US (OR BRITISH) CITIZENSHIP, DESPITE BEAN MARRID 2 ME, SAYIN "Y ON EARTH WUD I WANTS 2 BE US CITIZEN?"
10. HER POLTIICAL SYMPATHIEZ R GREEN AN SOCIALIST. SHE EVEN GOEZ 2 PROTESTS AN POLITICAL MEETINGS...OBVIOUSLY STEELIN SECRETS FRUM IMPORTANT GREEN NEIGHBORS BOUT TEH LOCAL COUNCILS RECYCLIN PROGRAM AN COUCIL HOUSIN...
SO ACCORDIN 2 UR INFORMD ANALYSIS OV SOLD BEDROOM SECRETS U READ IN "TEH SUN" REGARDIN KUSHENKO (AKA ANNA CHAPMAN) - MAH WIFE MUST BE SEEKRET HIGHLY-TRAIND KGB SPY AN SEDUCTRES. SHE FITS ALL UR CRITERIA EGSAKTY! I HAS BEEN SUCH FOOL. I R TEH VRY GRATEFUL 2 U 4 EXPOSIN TEH FRAUD OV MAH 8 YER HAPPEH MARRIAGE. PERHAPS U CUD SUGGEST EGSAKTLY HOO I SHUD CONTACT 2 HAS HER ARRESTD AN TAKEN 2 PRISON AN BE INTERROGATD AS TEH NEFARIOUS "KGB SPYMASTR TRAIND IN DA ARTS OV LUV" (2 QUOTE DIS ARTICLEZ PROMO) DAT SHE SO OBVIOUSLY IZ...?
[AN IN CLOSIN I CAN JUS SRSLY SAY - DAT EVEN IF KUSCHENKO (AKA ANA CHAPMAN) IZ "SPY"/UNREGISTERD LOBBYIST. SHE HONORABLY FULFILLD HER DUTY 2 HER COUNTRY. SHE IZ NOT TRAITOR HOO SOLD THEIR COUNTRY AN COLLEAGUEZ OUT 2 MAK CHEAP-POUND (IN BRITAIN IF NOT TEH US) WIF LURID TELL-ALL LIEK SOMEONE I HAS HERD OV..I HOPE U R PROUD OV YOURSELF AN GIT RICH AN PLENTY OV ATTENSHUN]
/thread
Frankly I do have to question that last part about Mrs. Kuschenko. I am not disputing the facts of her case, nor that it is entirely possible that she was trained as a 'honey trap'. Honey traps are, as Mr. Voldarsky points out, rather well known in espionage. However I do wonder why he would consider her worth writing on. The question was 'Is she a serious spy?'. His answer dodged the question.
On another note, someone really needs to improve the titles of the articles on this site. More than once they haven't even matched the contents.
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