Monday, July 12, 2010 - 3:54 PM

India -- tired of losing bids for oil assets around the world to China -- is turning to a more aggressive, state-backed approach. One wonders, however, if it's a bit late in the game.
As Bloomberg's Rakteem Katakey and John Duce write, China's national oil companies outbid Indian firms in some $12.5 billion worth of contracts over the last year. The bidding rivalry -- and China's superiority in it -- goes back as far as 2005, when for example China National Petroleum Corp. twice beat out India's state-run Oil and Natural Gas Corp., acquiring the lucrative oil assets of PetroKazakhstan and Calgary-based EnCana Corp.'s oil and pipeline assets in Ecuador. That has stymied India's efforts to satisfy projected demand that, according to the International Energy Agency, will double to 6 billion barrels a year in oil-equivalent energy by 2030. The two Asian giants are not in a death grip -- each is pursuing its own interests. But there's clearly tension, at least on the Indian side.
New Delhi is fighting back. This year, Oil Minister Murli Deora (above right, with Hugo Chávez) has launched a worldwide charm offensive, traveling to Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Uganda, and Venezuela in order to chat up local oil ministers and their staffs. The national oil firms, ONGC and Oil India Ltd., have been authorized to spend up to $1.1 billion on investment or acquisitions without government approval.
The most decisive action may be the creation of a sovereign wealth fund to back overseas energy investments. In March, the oil ministry proposed such a fund, to draw on India's foreign currency reserves, and last week the government advanced the idea by forming a task force to draw up a more specific plan.
Yet the still-unnamed sovereign wealth fund comes long after China -- as well as the petrostates of the Middle East -- launched their own such vehicles. Beijing already has a $300 million energy sovereign wealth fund, earmarked out of $2.4 trillion in total foreign currency reserves; India's total foreign currency reserves, by comparison, are $277 billion. That is quite a bit of money in India's paws, but you get the picture -- the country could still face trouble in the bidding process.
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Is this considered to fall under the umbrella of BRIC economic efforts?
BRIC is a bad lense to see this through
Except for Russia (Whose presence makes no sense at all), the BRIC simply share economic characteristics in that they are nations that are rapidly becoming developed, and their geopolitical resources indicate that they could one day (although China already is) be the major players on the world stage, on the same level as the US. There is a long term shift away from small, cohesive developed nations, like those in Europe and on the Pacific Rim and towards large, developed nations. Ive explained this too many times, but basically, the nature of the world shifted from favoring "dense" nations to "heavy" nations. You can see this beginning in the mid-20th century as the collassal nations of the US and USSR outclassed the former colonial empires, centered on small states.
The BRIC share common characteristics, but they are not a political or strategic block. They are four very seperate entities. So, in a way, yes, it is an economic effort by a member of BRIC. However, I dont like seeing BRIC as one thing. They often work against eachother and have very different interests and values. For example, both Russia and China primarily compete with the US, but they are not on the same side, both does so for their own reasons. India is a rather close US ally, and will be for the forseeable future, as the two's interests align perfectly on most important issues. Brazil is largely neutral to the US, it avoids drifting to close to the US, but tries not to antagonize it.
Hm, I take your point, but I was thinking of it specifically as the economic lens I had understood it to me. This subject seemed to be an expression of that particular economic class pushing for development and investment alongside and competitively with its economic counterparts in BRIC.
*to be, not to me.
While India is understood to be a member of the BRICs (essentially, the term exists to conveniently group the four largest emerging economies), there is no known coordinated BRIC economic effort to collectively secure resources. Certainly, each of these emerging economies shares a desire to move towards greater development and this naturally involves the move to acquire resources abroad. But each also shares its own particular economic and political interests, and it may not be right to speak of the emerging economies' rise in the Marxian terms of one class rising collectively to challenge the established energy consumers in the West. There are, of course, many who would disagree on that latter point.
In oil asset contests, Indian policymakers have always considered Chinese as too agressive, paying too much for contested assets. Add in to that the unwillingness of its private sector in Oil & refining to not to take risks outside India unless too lucrative (which is RARE).
Indian consumtion is already geared for Gas consumption rather then oil - from Power plants to Cars. Now that its private sector is making forays in Shale Gas which it can extract from its own territory, it has even less willingness to fight for Oil abroad. IUn long run, Shale gas and upcoming Nuke power plants can alter its dependency on imported fuels.
So India do not have appetite to fight for Oil assets abroad. And there is no contest. It is China all the way.
However, which approach is more rewarding, Chinese or Indian is only time can tell.
There won't be oil to fight for given the precarious state of oil reserves across the world.
By the time India wakes up to the challenge, there will be no oil left on Earth for her to bid. :D
You are quite correct in highlighting the priority of domestic investment in Indian energy strategy. But with a population of 1.1bn and a rapidly increasing middle class, it only makes sense for India to expand its oil and gas portfolio to include foreign assets. I think the campaign that India is making to bid for contracts abroad certainly shows that India has the appetite to compete for these assets. Whether they can effectively do so from such a funding disadvantage to China is another question.
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